States of the United States of America

 The United States of America is a federal republic^[1] consisting of 50 states, a federal district (Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States), five major territories, and various minor islands.^[2][3] Both the states and the United States as a whole are each sovereign jurisdictions.^[4] The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allows states to exercise all powers of government not delegated to the federal government. Each state has its own constitution and government, and all states and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state is represented by two senators, while representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census.^[5] Additionally, each state is entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the Electoral College, the body that elects the president of the United States, equal to the total of representatives and senators in Congress from that state.^[6] The federal district does not have representatives in the Senate, but has a non-voting delegate in the House, and it is also entitled to electors in the Electoral College. Congress can admit more states, but it cannot create a new state from territory of an existing state or merge two or more states into one without the consent of all states involved, and each new state is admitted on an equal footing with the existing states.^[7]

The United States has control over fourteen territories. Five of them (American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) have a permanent, nonmilitary population, while nine of them (the United States Minor Outlying Islands) do not. With the exception of Navassa Island, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, which are located in the Caribbean, all territories are located in the Pacific Ocean. One territory, Palmyra Atoll, is considered to be incorporated, meaning the full body of the Constitution has been applied to it; the other territories are unincorporated, meaning the Constitution does not fully apply to them. Ten territories (the Minor Outlying Islands and American Samoa) are considered to be unorganized, meaning they have not had an organic act enacted by Congress; the four other territories are organized, meaning an organic act has been enacted by Congress. The five inhabited territories each have limited autonomy in addition to having territorial legislatures and governors, but residents cannot vote in federal elections, although all are represented by non-voting delegates in the House.

The largest state by population is California, with a population of 39,538,223 people, while the smallest is Wyoming, with a population of 576,851 people; the federal district has a larger population (689,545) than both Wyoming and Vermont. The largest state by area is Alaska, encompassing 665,384 square miles (1,723,337 square kilometers), while the smallest is Rhode Island, encompassing 1,545 square miles (4,001 square kilometers). The most recent states to be admitted, Alaska and Hawaii, were admitted in 1959. The largest territory by population is Puerto Rico, with a population of 3,285,874 people (larger than 21 states), while the smallest is the Northern Mariana Islands, with a population of 47,329 people. Puerto Rico is the largest territory by area, encompassing 5,325 square miles (13,791 square kilometers); the smallest territory, Kingman Reef, encompasses only 0.005 square miles (0.01 square kilometers).

Flag, name and postal abbreviation[8]		Cities		Ratification or admission[A]	Population (2020 census)[10]	Total area[11]		Land area[11]		Water area[11]		Number of Reps.
		Capital	Largest[12]			mi2	km2	mi2	km2	mi2	km2
Alabama	AL	Montgomery	Huntsville	Dec 14, 1819	5,024,279	52,420	135,767	50,645	131,171	1,775	4,597	7
Alaska	AK	Juneau	Anchorage	Jan 3, 1959	733,391	665,384	1,723,337	570,641	1,477,953	94,743	245,384	1
Arizona	AZ	Phoenix		Feb 14, 1912	7,151,502	113,990	295,234	113,594	294,207	396	1,026	9
Arkansas	AR	Little Rock		Jun 15, 1836	3,011,524	53,179	137,732	52,035	134,771	1,143	2,961	4
California	CA	Sacramento	Los Angeles	Sep 9, 1850	39,538,223	163,695	423,967	155,779	403,466	7,916	20,501	52
Colorado	CO	Denver		Aug 1, 1876	5,773,714	104,094	269,601	103,642	268,431	452	1,170	8
Connecticut	CT	Hartford	Bridgeport	Jan 9, 1788	3,605,944	5,543	14,357	4,842	12,542	701	1,816	5
Delaware	DE	Dover	Wilmington	Dec 7, 1787	989,948	2,489	6,446	1,949	5,047	540	1,399	1
Florida	FL	Tallahassee	Jacksonville	Mar 3, 1845	21,538,187	65,758	170,312	53,625	138,887	12,133	31,424	28
Georgia	GA	Atlanta		Jan 2, 1788	10,711,908	59,425	153,910	57,513	148,959	1,912	4,951	14
Hawaii	HI	Honolulu		Aug 21, 1959	1,455,271	10,932	28,313	6,423	16,635	4,509	11,678	2
Idaho	ID	Boise		Jul 3, 1890	1,839,106	83,569	216,443	82,643	214,045	926	2,398	2
Illinois	IL	Springfield	Chicago	Dec 3, 1818	12,812,508	57,914	149,995	55,519	143,793	2,395	6,202	17
Indiana	IN	Indianapolis		Dec 11, 1816	6,785,528	36,420	94,326	35,826	92,789	593	1,537	9
Iowa	IA	Des Moines		Dec 28, 1846	3,190,369	56,273	145,746	55,857	144,669	416	1,077	4
Kansas	KS	Topeka	Wichita	Jan 29, 1861	2,937,880	82,278	213,100	81,759	211,754	520	1,346	4
Kentucky[B]	KY	Frankfort	Louisville	Jun 1, 1792	4,505,836	40,408	104,656	39,486	102,269	921	2,387	6
Louisiana	LA	Baton Rouge	New Orleans	Apr 30, 1812	4,657,757	52,378	135,659	43,204	111,898	9,174	23,761	6
Maine	ME	Augusta	Portland	Mar 15, 1820	1,362,359	35,380	91,633	30,843	79,883	4,537	11,750	2
Maryland	MD	Annapolis	Baltimore	Apr 28, 1788	6,177,224	12,406	32,131	9,707	25,142	2,699	6,990	8
Massachusetts[B]	MA	Boston		Feb 6, 1788	7,029,917	10,554	27,336	7,800	20,202	2,754	7,134	9
Michigan	MI	Lansing	Detroit	Jan 26, 1837	10,077,331	96,714	250,487	56,539	146,435	40,175	104,052	13
Minnesota	MN	Saint Paul	Minneapolis	May 11, 1858	5,706,494	86,936	225,163	79,627	206,232	7,309	18,930	8
Mississippi	MS	Jackson		Dec 10, 1817	2,961,279	48,432	125,438	46,923	121,531	1,508	3,907	4
Missouri	MO	Jefferson City	Kansas City	Aug 10, 1821	6,154,913	69,707	180,540	68,742	178,040	965	2,501	8
Montana	MT	Helena	Billings	Nov 8, 1889	1,084,225	147,040	380,831	145,546	376,962	1,494	3,869	2
Nebraska	NE	Lincoln	Omaha	Mar 1, 1867	1,961,504	77,348	200,330	76,824	198,974	524	1,356	3
Nevada	NV	Carson City	Las Vegas	Oct 31, 1864	3,104,614	110,572	286,380	109,781	284,332	791	2,048	4
New Hampshire	NH	Concord	Manchester	Jun 21, 1788	1,377,529	9,349	24,214	8,953	23,187	397	1,027	2
New Jersey	NJ	Trenton	Newark	Dec 18, 1787	9,288,994	8,723	22,591	7,354	19,047	1,368	3,544	12
New Mexico	NM	Santa Fe	Albuquerque	Jan 6, 1912	2,117,522	121,590	314,917	121,298	314,161	292	757	3
New York	NY	Albany	New York City	Jul 26, 1788	20,201,249	54,555	141,297	47,126	122,057	7,429	19,240	26
North Carolina	NC	Raleigh	Charlotte	Nov 21, 1789	10,439,388	53,819	139,391	48,618	125,920	5,201	13,471	14
North Dakota	ND	Bismarck	Fargo	Nov 2, 1889	779,094	70,698	183,108	69,001	178,711	1,698	4,397	1
Ohio	OH	Columbus		Mar 1, 1803	11,799,448	44,826	116,098	40,861	105,829	3,965	10,269	15
Oklahoma	OK	Oklahoma City		Nov 16, 1907	3,959,353	69,899	181,037	68,595	177,660	1,304	3,377	5
Oregon	OR	Salem	Portland	Feb 14, 1859	4,237,256	98,379	254,799	95,988	248,608	2,391	6,191	6
Pennsylvania[B]	PA	Harrisburg	Philadelphia	Dec 12, 1787	13,002,700	46,054	119,280	44,743	115,883	1,312	3,397	17
Rhode Island	RI	Providence		May 29, 1790	1,097,379	1,545	4,001	1,034	2,678	511	1,324	2
South Carolina	SC	Columbia	Charleston	May 23, 1788	5,118,425	32,020	82,933	30,061	77,857	1,960	5,076	7
South Dakota	SD	Pierre	Sioux Falls	Nov 2, 1889	886,667	77,116	199,729	75,811	196,350	1,305	3,379	1
Tennessee	TN	Nashville		Jun 1, 1796	6,910,840	42,144	109,153	41,235	106,798	909	2,355	9
Texas	TX	Austin	Houston	Dec 29, 1845	29,145,505	268,596	695,662	261,232	676,587	7,365	19,075	38
Utah	UT	Salt Lake City		Jan 4, 1896	3,271,616	84,897	219,882	82,170	212,818	2,727	7,064	4
Vermont	VT	Montpelier	Burlington	Mar 4, 1791	643,077	9,616	24,906	9,217	23,871	400	1,035	1
Virginia[B]	VA	Richmond	Virginia Beach	Jun 25, 1788	8,631,393	42,775	110,787	39,490	102,279	3,285	8,508	11
Washington	WA	Olympia	Seattle	Nov 11, 1889	7,705,281	71,298	184,661	66,456	172,119	4,842	12,542	10
West Virginia	WV	Charleston		Jun 20, 1863	1,793,716	24,230	62,756	24,038	62,259	192	497	2
Wisconsin	WI	Madison	Milwaukee	May 29, 1848	5,893,718	65,496	169,635	54,158	140,268	11,339	29,367	8
Wyoming	WY	Cheyenne		Jul 10, 1890	576,851	97,813	253,335	97,093	251,470	720	1,864	1